Refracted Input

Clare O’Farrell’s blog on books, TV, films, Michel Foucault, universities etc. etc.

My rating **

This series is no better and no worse than a dozen other American television series that are being churned out at present and the critical comments I am making here apply to a number of other series as well.

I first wrote this review after seeing about 3 episodes and I am now updating it after seeing a few more. It has definitely improved but is still not overly involving and one happily forgets it soon after viewing. From a review and comments posted on Jace’s Televisionary blog, it would seem that I am by no means alone in my dissatisfaction with this series. It plays as a kind of updated X files but without the style, the conviction, or the character interest. Two of the three leads are a bland young male and female played by actors indistinguishable from any number of other actors who populate the other American series which blur into a seamless and tedious landscape across the channels on evening television. There is also an irritating older character who is set up as the father of the young male character. Fortunately he seems to be becoming a bit less irritating as the series progresses. A former Harvard professor who has had some kind of breakdown, he is apparently meant to provide ‘comic relief’ as an eccentric, possibly psychic, idiot savant. This kind of ‘quirkiness’ seems to have become a substitute for characters who might actually be of real interest in a lot of current mainstream American television. (See for example the truly ghastly Eli Stone and the unpleasant main character in Psych and of course the series that set the trend – Monk).

There are also attempts to make the female lead more three-dimensional by providing her with a traumatic past, but there is not enough conviction in the acting, the characterisation or the story, to allow the viewer to feel any real connection.

The stories are vaguely X files-esque with rogue doctors performing unethical experiments, possible ghosts, people who could possibly be aliens, bosses who could possibly have links with some unspecified organization. Unlike The X files, however, for all its unsatisfactorily resolved set ups, there is no sense that the writers actually have anything to say beyond ticking the boxes of what has been designated as ‘cult’ in certified and standardised writing courses.

The series also shares a feature in common with other innumerable American forensic, crime and medical ensemble dramas, namely an impression of clutter. People and equipment litter the screen in an indistinguishable and equivalent mass. The obligatory moral posturing that comes with the formula is ultimately empty as all the elements, both human and non human are equivalent – the degree zero of a certain kind of postmodernism if you like.

To try and end on a more positive note however, sometimes series improve as they get into their stride and this one seems to be improving. Also worthy of note is the excellent fan blog for the series run by a Kentucky based software engineer Dennis Acevedo who also runs a fan blog on Cloverfield.*

Joy Wattawa (2008) ‘Can Academic Blogging Advance Wisdom Research? Defining Wisdom project.

My rating: ***

I have just found another useful article on the benefits of academic blogging. From the references it appears to have been written this year (2008). In case you were wondering, given this is my second post on academic blogging, I wouldn’t really classify my own blog as ‘academic’ in the strict sense of the word. It’s more of a hybrid exercise. The advent of the web has been fantastic for allowing this kind of hybridity which has wasted no time in proliferating. It is something I have also played with on my pseudonymous Christopher Walken site – which floats somewhere between a fan site and a cultural studies site.

There are some really useful references attached to Wattawa’s article which further elaborate on how blogging is viewed within the academic community. The academy is a conservative institution and strictly polices both what is regarded as suitable subject matter for research and the forms in which that research is disseminated. Blogging is widely regarded with deep suspicion, although it has its advocates as well. Earlier in this blog I mentioned Malcolm Gladwell’s notion of ‘tipping point’. Academic blogging has a long way to go before it reaches this point of viral explosion, even if very recently, there has been some cautious progress towards a more positive point of view on this front.

Of particular interest is the Academic Blog Portal, a wiki which indexes academic blogs.

My rating: ***
Imdb link

Although the film starts off in a gripping and exciting way, the shaky hand held camera and super fast editing are even more in evidence than in the previous film and soon started to give me a headache. These stylistic elements constantly draw attention to themselves at the expense of the film’s content. To add to this, the desire to achieve ever more spectacular stunts and car chases in exotic climes has finally taken front seat to the character elements. Unlike the first two films, there are few reflective and slow scenes which give us a chance to really observe the characters. I never thought I would say this about a film, but the love story – and the excellent Franca Potente – gives a balance to the first and second films which is lacking in the third.

My rating ****
Imdb link

This second entry in the trilogy is directed by English director Paul Greengrass. It is well and truly up to the high standard set by the first. I’m glad I saw it on a small screen however, as I find the use of choppy camera movements and editing a bit overwhelming on a large screen. Bourne loses the one good thing that attaches him to the world and his conflicted and knife-edge search for some kind of redemption becomes darker and more solitary. The character study in this film gives the excellently staged action scenes tension and meaning. I enjoyed watching the DVD extras and the sheer enjoyment and enthusiasm of all involved in the project.

My rating ****
Imdb link

This is an excellent character driven action spy thriller which races across Europe but spends most of its time in Paris. Although those involved in the production keep repeating in the DVD extras what a new kind of film this is, it actually harks back to the style of 1960s European co-productions set during World War II or during the Cold War. These kinds of films not only have great European settings but also feature coolly composed characters and complex double crosses and plot twists. Of course, it must be said that the martial arts style action and the high tech immediately distinguishes The Bourne Identity from its earlier counterparts. The car chase through Paris is fabulous. Another fantastic – and even better – car chase through Paris comes to mind, namely the one in Ronin (1998), an earlier high quality uber cool Euro spy action thriller not a million miles away in style from this film.

Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse (eds.) 2006. Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co.

My rating: ***

Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet My review
Quite interesting with some useful if rather rushed definitions of the some of the jargon used by fan fiction writers in the introduction. A large proportion of the articles in this edited collection are about slash. Slash represents, in terms of volume, the smallest section of fan fiction but it is one that academics gravitate towards with a passion – all that transgression and interesting deviance to wax theoretical over!

Annoyingly I have had to link to Wikipedia again but it does include the most comprehensive and easily accessible set of online references concerning slash.

Posted on my site michel-foucault.com

Relations of power are not in themselves forms of repression. But what happens is that, in society, in most societies, organizations are created to freeze the relations of power, hold those relations in a state of asymmetry, so that a certain number of persons get an advantage, socially, economically, politically, institutionally, etc. And this totally freezes the situation. That’s what one calls power in the strict sense of the term: it’s a specific type of power relation that has been institutionalized, frozen, immobilized, to the profit of some and to the detriment of others.

[Michel Foucault. Power, Moral Values, and the Intellectual. An Interview with Michel Foucault by Michael Bess, History of the Present 4 (Spring 1988), p. 1]

Random thoughts in response

This is one of my favourite interviews with Foucault and was conducted in French in 1980 while he was at Berkeley. In this interview he explains a number of his ideas very clearly and simply and also indirectly addresses a number of perennial criticisms of his work, such as accusations of moral nihilism. I have posted up a couple of remarks made by Foucault in relation to how he describes his ‘morals’ over the last couple of months.

In this particular passage, after having explained earlier that power is a relation, he goes on to talk about the way relations of power are institutionalised in a way that can produce the illusion that power is a fixed essence that some people have and others don’t and that little can be done about this beyond destroying those who have this power. By arguing that power is a relation between people and that particular social institutions have to work very hard and continuously to maintain particular relations of power, Foucault opens up the hope that every person, no matter how low down in the hierarchy, has the capacity to disrupt and change relations of power and have a destabilising impact on the system even if at a miniscule level.

Even the most rigid institution and arrangement of power relations is inherently unstable, and concerted and unspectacular non-cooperation by those involved can lead to change. This is not to say however, that the cost to individuals for such resistance might not be high, but it does bring action to within the realm of everyday possibility rather than it being a matter of waiting for the grand moment of violent revolutionary overthrow. At the same time, this also means that everyone becomes responsible – not just a few. Seemingly insignificant acts of compromise all contribute to the ongoing fossilisation of unjust and oppressive systems just as an accumulation of seemingly insignificant resistances can ultimately lead to their breakdown.

My rating: ***
imdb link

See also my blog post on episode 2

Apparitions is a new supernatural thriller series currently airing on the BBC which gets off to a gripping start in the first episode. I saw this first episode courtesy of a good friend who is a fan of the actor who plays the lead role in this series, Martin Shaw. All the tried and true clichés of the ‘interestingly medieval Catholic Church meets the Supernatural’ subgenre are taken out for a most satisfying airing. We have the maverick priest at odds with the rationalist and sceptical Church hierarchy, the Devil and his demons, the tortured homosexual seminarian, the not-long-for-this-world mentor who tells his charge that he is the chosen one who will be key in the up and coming Manichean struggle between good and evil. There are also the obligatory gory bits with demons flaying humans alive and knocking others unconscious. We even have Mother Teresa! What more could one ask for?

The Catholic Church has long been an imaginative gold mine for writers of tales of the supernatural. As Foucault notes: ‘[The Roman Catholic Church] is a superb instrument of power for itself. Entirely woven through with elements that are imaginary, erotic, effective, corporal, sensual, and so on, it is superb!’ [1] Apparitions certainly doesn’t stint on making the most of these elements.

A veteran of science fiction and the supernatural, Joe Ahearne, is helming this series as a writer and director. His earlier efforts include credits as the writer and director of the somewhat obscure but stylish Ultraviolet (the original 1998 British TV series, not the American remake) and he has also written several recent Dr. Who episodes.

Another series which deals with the idea of possession, haunting, and unfriendly supernatural entities, but this time from the rather different point of view of spirit mediums and psychics, is the American series The Others. This excellent but unfortunately short-lived series went to air with 13 episodes in 2000.

Other British series which address similar material include Afterlife and Sea of Souls. In these series it is university researchers in psychology who are the investigators of the supernatural. (By the way I have included a couple of Wikipedia links here simply because they provide the most comprehensive information and most numerous links to external sources).

The currently popular American series Supernatural covers rather different territory. It is not so much interested in the uncanny, [2] but in adventure horror and, of course, the exploits of a couple of good looking guys. I will write a bit more about this series in another post.

References

[1] Michel Foucault (1999) [1978] ‘ On Religion’. In Religion and Culture J. R. Carrette (ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press, p. 106.

[2] ‘The Uncanny’ by Sigmund Freud.

My rating: ****
Imdb link

This is one of my favourite World War II spy dramas starring William Holden as a Swedish industrialist coerced into spying for the British during World War II. The film is a fictionalised account of the exploits of a war-time spy Erik Erickson. Holden’s character Erickson is very much on his own during the entire film with brief encounters here and there with others engaged in the underground resistance. He initially has to create a cover in Sweden as a dedicated anti-semitic Nazi sympathiser which loses him both his friends and his wife, although one friend – a Jew remains unconvinced by this sudden change of personality. When things go wrong on one of his missions he has to escape from Germany back to Scandinavia. The approach is cool and unsentimental with people getting on with the job under extremely dangerous circumstances.

Although I am not usually keen on Holden’s work, he is well cast in this film and gives a low-key unsentimental performance. Something that has also really stayed with me, since seeing the film for the first time a few years ago, is Klaus Kinski’s performance as a Jew on the run suffering from pneumonia who suffocates himself rather than cough and betray himself and his companion while hiding on a boat during a Nazi search.

Rebecca W. Black. (2008). Adolescents and Online Fan Fiction (New Literacies and Digital Epistemologies). New York: Peter Lang.
My rating: ***

Adolescents and Online Fan Fiction (New Literacies and Digital Epistemologies) Adolescents and Online Fan Fiction by Rebecca W. Black

This book uses current educational theory to discuss adolescent fan fiction. The book is useful in that it attempts to argue for the importance of fan fiction as an educational tool in promoting literacy. It also points out the fundamental discordances between the way knowledge is structured and delivered in schools and the way fan writing and communities work. However some of the characterisations of what is happening in schools are perhaps a little old fashioned – but this might in fact be a reflection of what is occurring in American classrooms and as such does not necessarily apply outside the USA.

Unfortunately the author only offers rather vague suggestions as to how teachers might work with fan fiction and their students. It could indeed be done but would require teachers who were very experienced and knowledgeable in terms of how fandoms, media technology and social networking operate.

But this is definitely a start. Fandom and fan fiction have been highly stigmatised, and given fan fiction is the fastest growing type of writing in the world today it is good to see some recognition from the educational sector of this form of literary engagement.

For extended discussions on how fan reading and practices might be harnassed in an educational setting see Henry Jenkins’ blog Confessions of an aca-fan.